Calories in 3 Oz Lean Roast Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had and so much going on backside the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Picture show
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 motion picture adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to enquire which graphic symbol the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a v-week deal. In the finish, Hamilton was on set for 3 months, only many of her scenes were cut for being likewise scary for audiences.
Dorothy'south Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Daughter
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-former Garland had to article of clothing a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent kid.
Managing director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the grapheme changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Slap-up Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in opposite and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's final-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to come across the Wonderful Magician of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was nevertheless Hollywood's preferred pick for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatever snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the terminate, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin can Homo'southward) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human's aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of issues for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'due south makeup experience was meliorate than Ebsen'south, he however had some issues. The Scarecrow'south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'due south face that took more than a yr to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a flare-up of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may accept instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the start have, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor besides early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, simply her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing 2nd- and third-caste burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flight monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost every bit scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
Still, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting downwardly on human being marionettes), filmmakers made miniature safe monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was About on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one'southward surprise, the American Flick Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'south career was about cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the vocal made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business organisation melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cut room flooring.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Let Jack Haley to Residue Like shooting fish in a barrel
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a 90-pound king of beasts costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns almost the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin can" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and then stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years afterwards, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin can't help folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin can Human Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, simply traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'due south new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a world of bug. Namely, the graphic symbol'due south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final motion-picture show, his vocals tin be heard in "We're Off to Run across the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave U.s. the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun information technology effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to brand it await similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For instance, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her performance. The movie went on to make roughly $viii one thousand thousand.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'southward pay was better than Caselotti'southward — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — only it still didn't reverberate the motion-picture show'south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Panthera leo Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might bandage its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio'south title carte du jour — every bit the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the rubber of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast histrion Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animate being, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real lion skin. However, the arc lights used on ready made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'due south nerves. Each dark, two stagehands stale the costume for the next solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $l meg adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie but earned $3 million at the box part — about $51.8 million by today'due south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era moving picture, remember that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'south modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion-picture show's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just 16 years quondam when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to immature actors to help them slumber later on studios shot them up with adrenaline then they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and craven soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Magician of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'south characteristic-length blithe film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the picture revolutionize the blitheness industry, information technology likewise reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — and so the well-nigh successful picture show of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, simply MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Can Man's "If I Only Had a Middle," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally argent, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the cherry color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is then heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Simply 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Sorcerer of Oz is your classic take chances story, and Dorothy'south quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the simply location footage in the motion picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily past Terry, is one of the nearly beloved dogs in moving picture history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and tin can often exist seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Human spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find i that resembled the original canine histrion more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the picture debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids information technology was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her virtually the character.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was as well a sad, lone figure. In brusque, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'due south character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were merely every bit amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a dissimilar color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to motion quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwardly the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the simply interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-fatigued carriage was once endemic past President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in social club to give life to this fantasy picture show. To keep upwards with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since almost of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Nigh actors had to arrive before v:00 in the forenoon — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Picture show
The picture show is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the corking fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in pic history every bit well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film'south lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There'south no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the moving picture is incredible. Similar the "horse of a unlike color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl'south feet. Nonetheless, fire strikes the Witch'due south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-upwardly prune to get in wait more flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part trouble-solving for filmmakers. In gild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterward the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white role of Dorothy'south dress is actually pinkish — merely because it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited almost? It'due south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than One Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the brusque-lived possessor of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the Eastward — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film'southward Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Downwardly Several Times
The outset cut of the pic clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zippo by today'southward Curiosity movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off twenty minutes.
After cut the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the Due west performance besides frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Just not anybody thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'southward nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the picture's starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to habiliment it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the mean solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," equally opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire flick was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a chip of a stunt washed to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full 3-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding acceptance to this theory.
One of History'due south Most-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved pop in theaters, another film released the same yr, as well directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box function. (You may have heard of that little movie — it'south called Gone with the Wind.) Nevertheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more than staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The flick was first broadcast on goggle box on November iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is 1 of the 10 well-nigh-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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